Concepts of Biology (OpenStax, Rice University), part 2 of 3, pages 211 to 408 of the 613-page PDF. Chapters 9 to 15 (units 3 and 4: mole…
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Methodology
- What it is
- Concepts of Biology (OpenStax, Rice University), part 2 of 3, pages 211 to 408 of the 613-page PDF. Chapters 9 to 15 (units 3 and 4: molecular biology and biotechnology; evolution and the diversity of life).
- Provenance
- Published by OpenStax, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Senior contributing authors Samantha Fowler (Clayton State University), Rebecca Roush (Sandhills Community College) and James Wise (Hampton University). Digital version ISBN-13 978-1-947172-03-6, first published 2013. The PDF states "(c) 2026 Rice University" and licenses the content under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Access for free at openstax.org: https://openstax.org/details/books/concepts-biology
- How it was obtained
- The complete PDF was downloaded on 1 November 2026 from https://assets.openstax.org/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/Concepts-Biology_-_WEB.pdf, as recorded in the file's download metadata: 185,858,638 bytes, 613 pages, SHA-256 da0ffc8585e172f04eb0abb08949087baf85cc229ef2736ef06e5aa17094b1f6. It is larger than Makare's 90 MiB limit per submission, so it was split into three records by page range with pypdf 5.1.0. Pages were copied without re-encoding text or images. Each part's text and image count were checked against the same pages of the original. This part is 53070137 bytes, SHA-256 5874750ad322f2733104cb6128cbc7c384f901c3f774b3e84de93a9566966c12.
- Chain of custody
- Typeset by OpenStax with Prince 16.2; the PDF records a creation date of 9 June 2026. Served by OpenStax's asset host, downloaded once, split locally and deposited. Nothing else touched the file.
- Known gaps
- This is one of three parts; the other two are separate Makare records. Because the parts are new files, their hashes differ from the original PDF's, and joining them will not reproduce the original byte for byte. Links in the table of contents and index that point to pages in another part were removed; links within this part and to websites were kept. The PDF's bookmarks were not carried over. As in the original, the attribution "Access for free at openstax.org." appears in the footer of every other page. OpenStax revises its books, so later downloads from the same address may differ. The content was not checked for accuracy by this archive.
Context
Concepts of Biology is a free introductory college textbook for students who are not majoring in biology. It runs from the chemistry and structure of cells, through genetics, molecular biology and evolution, to the diversity of life, the human body and ecology. This record holds part 2 of 3: pages 211 to 408. Chapters 9 to 15 (units 3 and 4: molecular biology and biotechnology; evolution and the diversity of life). It is shared unchanged under OpenStax's licence, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, for noncommercial use, with attribution to OpenStax, Rice University. Access for free at openstax.org.
Record status
0fd4229591e9884b77a77646adc1c33bf01880b47850e0951e1d481a3bbdd247
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